multiple sclerosis (ms) is a complex disease which is correlated with increasing inflammatory factors, demyelination and axonal loss. in this auto-immune disease, neuroinflammation is mediated by different types of t cells with macrophage/microglial activation and b cells involvement that interact in a collaborative manner. focal inflammation is the main cause for the onset of relapses and coul...

Many chemicals with broad industrial, pharmaceutical and agricultural application produce a neurotoxic syndrome in humans and experimental animals involving weight loss, skeletal muscle weakness and ataxia. Neurotoxicity is defined as a structural change or a functional alteration of the nervous system resulting from exposure to a chemical, biological or physical agent. Neurotoxicity including ...

Axonal degeneration is a hallmark of many debilitating neurological disorders and is thought to be regulated by mechanisms distinct from those governing cell body death. Recently, caspase 6 activation via amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage and activation of DR6 was discovered to induce axon degeneration after NGF withdrawal. We tested whether this pathway is involved in axonal degeneratio...

Axonal degeneration is a prominent feature of many neurological disorders that are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, including Parkinson's disease, motor neuron disease, and inherited peripheral neuropathies. Studies of the Wld(s) mutant mouse, which undergoes delayed Wallerian degeneration in response to axonal injury, suggest that axonal degeneration is an active process. Wld(s) mice...

the pathology of spinal cord injury (sci) comprises multiple processes characterized by extensive cell death and glial scar formation, which together limits axonal regeneration. in particular, variations in chronic demyelination of the lesion have been found to be largely independent of injury intensity, suggesting a secondary pathologic origin. this chronic demyelination results in progressive...

Axonal degeneration contributes to clinical disability in the acquired demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. Axonal degeneration occurs during acute attacks, associated with inflammation, and during the chronic progressive phase of the disease in which inflammation is not prominent. To explore the importance of interactions between oligodendrocytes and axons in the CNS, we analysed the brai...

Sensory polyneuropathies are the most frequent neurological complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP), associated with HIV infection, is characterized by length-dependent axonal degeneration of sensory fibres. In rodent dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cultures, HIV viral envelope protein gp120 results in neurotoxicity and axonal degeneration. ...

Axonal degeneration occurs in multiple neurodegenerative disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system. Although the underlying molecular pathways leading to axonal degeneration are incompletely understood, accumulating evidence suggests contributions of impaired mitochondrial function, disrupted axonal transport, and/or dysfunctional intracellular Ca(2+)-homeostasis in the injurious c...

Axonal projections are specialized neuronal compartments and the longest parts of neurons. Axonal degeneration is a common pathological feature in many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, glaucoma, as well as in traumatic lesions of the central nervous system (CNS), such as spinal cord injury. In many neurological disorders, the axon is the f...